Chickpeas require well-drained soils and are drought-tolerant, making them suitable for the region. Desi and kabuli varieties, like CDC Orion and CDC Leader, are commonly grown in Alberta and can withstand dry conditions.
Soil and Site Preparation
- Soil Type: Chickpeas grow best in well-drained, loamy soils with a pH of 6.0–7.5. They are less tolerant of saline or waterlogged soils.
- Soil Testing: Conduct a soil test to determine nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur) and pH. Adjust soil fertility based on test results.
- Tillage: Use conservation tillage practices (no-till or minimal tillage) to retain soil moisture and reduce erosion.
- Weed Control: Control weeds in the fall or early spring before planting. Herbicides or mechanical methods can be used to manage weed pressure.
Seed Selection
- Variety Choice: Select chickpea varieties adapted to the Alberta Special Areas' climate. Examples include:
- CDC Frontier (kabuli chickpea)
- CDC Orion (desi chickpea)
- Seed Quality: Use certified seed to ensure high germination rates and disease-free planting material.
- Seeding Rate: Aim for a seeding rate of 4–6 seeds per square foot (approximately 80–120 lbs per acre). Adjust based on soil moisture conditions and seed size.
Planting
- Timing: Plant chickpeas in mid-May to early June, depending on soil temperature and moisture conditions. Ideal soil temperature for germination is 10–15°C (50–59°F).
- Depth: Plant seeds 1.5–2.5 inches deep in moist soil. Deeper planting may be necessary in dry conditions to reach moisture.
- Row Spacing: Use a row spacing of 6–12 inches for uniform plant distribution and optimal yield.
- Inoculation: Inoculate seeds with Rhizobium bacteria to promote nitrogen fixation.
Fertilization
- Nitrogen (N): Chickpeas fix their own nitrogen, so minimal nitrogen fertilization is required (10–20 lbs/acre at planting).
- Phosphorus (P): Apply phosphorus at planting to promote root development. Rates of 20–40 lbs of P2O5 per acre are common.
- Potassium (K): Potassium is generally sufficient in Alberta soils, but apply if soil tests indicate deficiencies.
- Sulfur (S): Apply 10–20 lbs of sulfur per acre, especially in sandy or low-organic-matter soils.
Growing and Crop Management
- Moisture Management: Use snow trapping techniques and maintain crop residues to retain soil moisture.
- Weed Control: Apply herbicides as needed to control weeds during the growing season. Follow label recommendations and avoid herbicide resistance by rotating modes of action.
- Disease Management: Monitor for common chickpea diseases such as:
- Ascochyta blight (use resistant varieties and fungicides if necessary)
- Anthracnose (apply fungicides during flowering if disease pressure is high)
- Root rot (improve drainage and use seed treatments)
- Insect Control: Watch for pests like grasshoppers and aphids. Use integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to minimize damage.
Harvesting (Combining)
- Timing: Harvest chickpeas when grain moisture content is 14–18%. Delayed harvesting can lead to shattering and yield losses.
- Combining Settings: Adjust combine settings to minimize grain damage and losses. Use a fan speed and concave setting appropriate for chickpeas.
- Storage: Dry grain to 14% moisture or lower for safe storage. Clean grain before storage to remove chaff and weed seeds.
- Yield Expectations: Yields in the Special Areas typically range from 15–30 bushels per acre, depending on moisture and growing conditions.
Post-Harvest and Crop Rotation
- Stubble Management: Leave stubble standing to trap snow and improve moisture retention for the next crop.
- Crop Rotation: Rotate chickpeas with cereals like wheat or barley to break disease cycles, improve soil health, and manage weeds.
Challenges in the Special Areas
- Drought Risk: The region is prone to drought, so select drought-tolerant varieties and implement moisture conservation practices.
- Soil Erosion: Wind erosion is a concern. Use conservation tillage and maintain crop residues to protect the soil.
- Frost Risk: Early fall frosts can damage crops. Choose varieties with appropriate maturity dates to avoid frost damage.
Resources and Support
- Consult Alberta Agriculture and Forestry for local recommendations and updates.
- Work with agronomists and seed suppliers to select the best varieties and inputs for your specific conditions.
- Participate in local grower groups or co-ops to share knowledge and resources.
By following these guidelines, you can successfully grow field peas, lentils, and chickpeas in Alberta's Special Areas 2, 3, and 4, optimizing yield and quality while managing the region's unique challenges.